« For centuries there’s been one path through fiction we’re most likely to
travel—one we’re actually told to follow—and that’s the dramatic arc: a
situation arises, grows tense, reaches a peak, subsides. Teachers bid young
writers to follow the arc. If you ask Google how to
structure a story, your face will be hammered with pictures of arcs.
And it is
an elegant shape, especially when I translate arc to its natural form, a wave.Its rise and fall traces a motion we know in heartbeats, breaking surf, the
sun passing overhead. There’s power in a wave, its sense of beginning,
midpoint, and end; no wonder we fall into it in stories. But something that
swells and tautens until climax, then collapses? Bit masculo-sexual, no? So
many other patterns run through nature, tracing other deep motions in life. […]
Here are the ones
Stevens calls “nature’s darlings.”
- SPIRAL: think of a fiddlehead fern,
whirlpool, hurricane, horns twisting from a ram’s head, or a chambered
nautilus.
- MEANDER: picture a river curving and kinking, a snake in motion, a
snail’s silver trail, or the path left by a goat grazing the tenderest greens.
- RADIAL or EXPLOSION: a splash of dripping water, petals growing from a
daisy’s heart, light radiating from the sun, the ring left around a tick bite.
- BRANCHING and other FRACTAL patterns: self-replication at lesser scale, made
by trees, coastlines, clouds.
- CELLULAR patterns: repeating shapes you
see in a honeycomb, foam of bubbles, cracked lakebed, or light rippling in a
pool […].
These patterns aren’t just around us; they inform our bodies, too. We
have wiggling meanders in our hair, brains, and intestines; branching
patterns in capillaries, neurons, and lungs; explosive patterns in areolas,
irises, and sneezes; spirals in ears, fingertips, DNA, and fists. We invoke these patterns to describe motions in
our minds, too: someone spirals into despair or compartmentalizes
emotions, thoughts meander [..]. There are, in other words, recurring ways that we order and make
things. Why wouldn’t they form our [literary] narratives, too?
A digressive narrative meanders; at times it flows quickly and at
times barely at all, often loops back on itself, yet ultimately it moves
onward. A spiraling narrative might move around and around with a system
of rhythmic repetitions, yet it advances, deepening into the past, perhaps, or
rising into the future. A radial
narrative could spring from a central hole—an incident, pain, absence,
horror—around which it keeps circling or from which it keeps veering, but
it scarcely moves forward in time. A fractal narrative could branch from a
core or seed, repeating at different scales the shape or dynamic of that core […]. And cellular narratives come in like
parts, not moving forward in time from one to another but creating a
network of meaning. […]
In this book I’ll look at ways that writers have done all of this, finding patterns other than the arc inside their
stories. This will be a museum of specimens.
»
—
Jane Alison, Meander, Spiral, Explode: Design and Pattern in Narrative